Результаты двух больших рандомизированных исследований по III фазе, в которых сравнивались 3 возможных варианта ведения больных после прогрессирования на 5ФУ–содержащих режимах, показали преимущество Кампто в выживаемости и качестве жизни больных, по сравнению с длительными инфузиями 5ФУ [9] и оптимальной поддерживающей терапией [10] (табл. 2).
Таким образом, результаты III фазы подтверждают целесообразность проведения 2–й линии химиотерапии при диссеминированном РТК. На сегодняшний день это стандартный подход к лечению данной категории больных.
В Европейском исследовании (385 больных) сравнивались высокодозные инфузионные режимы 5ФУ (De Gramont и режим AIO) с теми же режимами в комбинации с Кампто в первой линии химиотерапии диссеминированного колоректального рака [28]. В Американском исследовании (683 больных) сравнивались 3 режима [29]. Сравнительная оценка эффективности изучаемых режимов представлена в табл. 4.
По всем показателям – общая эффективность, продолжительность ответа на лечение, стабилизация опухолевого процесса, время до прогрессирования и выживаемость – комбинация Кампто + 5ФУ/Лв превосходит общепринятую схему 5ФУ/Лв. Побочные эффекты комбинации были предсказуемы, обратимы, контролируемы и некумулятивны. Совокупная частота случаев развития у больных диареи 3–4 степени была сравнима с таковыми показателями при монотерапии Кампто у ранее леченных пациентов.
Поскольку пожилой возраст считается фактором риска плохой переносимости Кампто, мы сравнили частоту выраженных побочных эффектов у больных старше и моложе 65 лет. Анализ полученных данных показал, что в группе пожилых больных несколько чаще наблюдалась рвота, выраженная астения, тошнота и нейтропения 3–4 степени, но реже – выраженная диарея. Однако различия оказались статистически недостоверными (табл. 6).
Еще один новый препарат – оксалиплатин – демонстрирует многообещающие результаты в лечении больных диссеминированным РТК.
Медиана безрецидивной выживаемости колебалась от 7 до 10 месяцев, продолжительность жизни – от 10 до 17 месяцев.
Результаты рандомизированных исследований показали преимущество комбинации оксалиплатин + 5ФУ/Лв по сравнению со стандартной комбинацией 5ФУ/Лв.
Во всех 3–х исследованиях и ралтитрексед, и комбинация 5ФУ/Лв вызывали у части пациентов симптоматический эффект. Оценка качества жизни больных показала некоторое преимущество Томудекса перед 5ФУ/Лв.
В исследование было включено 905 больных с распространенным РТК.
Все большее внимание исследователей привлекает изучение пероральных форм 5ФУ и его предшественников. Воспроизводя фармакокинетику длительных инфузий 5ФУ, эти препараты имеют ряд преимуществ – они более удобны, пролонгированный курс химиотерапии (2–4 недели) снижает частоту токсических реакций, а также осложнений, связанных с катетерами, возможно их применение в амбулаторных условиях.
Оба режима продемонстрировали высокую противоопухолевую активность и хорошую переносимость в 1–й линии лечения. Медиана времени до прогрессирования в обеих группах была практически одинакова. Важно отметить, что при последовательном применении этих режимов выживаемость больных составила около 20 месяцев, что существенно превосходит результаты других более ранних исследований.
Перспективными представляются комбинации Кампто и оксалиплатина с пероральными фторпроизводными – УФТ, капецитабином. В исследовании Cruz и соавт.[83] Кампто вводили в дозе 125 мг/м2/нед. – в 1, 8 и 15 дни, УФТ назначали параллельно в дозе 200 мг/м2/д. с лейковорином 45 мг/д. с 1 по 21 день. Курсы повторяли каждые 4 недели. Из 17 оцененных больных объективный эффект был достигнут у 18%, кроме того у 9 больных сохранялась стабилизация процесса.
1. Iveson T., Eggleton S.P.H., Hickish T., et al. Irinotecan (CPT11) in 5FU pretreated advanced colorectal cancer; Results in 174 expanded access patients. 23rd Congress ESMO, Athens, 1998, abstr. 1749.
2. Hoeffken K., Ridwelsky C., Wein A., et al. Phase II Study of Irinotecan as Second Line Chemotherapy (CT) In Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (CRC). Proc. ASCO, vol. 18, 1999, abstr. 937.
3. Mendez M., Salut A., GarciaGiron C., et al. Irinotecan (CPT11) as SecondLine Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (CRC). Proc. ASCO, vol. 19, 2000, abstr. 1245.
4. Anton A., Aranda E., Marcuello E.,et al. The experience of the TTD Spanish Cooperative Group in advanced Colorectal Cancer resistant to 5FU with irinotecan (CPT11) on a 3 weeks schedule: Final Results. 23rd Congress ESMO, Athens, 1998, abstr. 184.
5. Schoffski P., Vanhoefer U., Kirchner H., et al. Phase II Study of Irinotecan as Second Line Chemotherapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer After Prior Exposure to Infusional 5FUBased Chemotherapy. Proc. ASCO, vol. 19, 2000, abstr. 1155.
6. LopezAlvarez P., MartinezGuisado M., Huidobro G., et al. A Phase II Study of Weekly Irinotecan (CPT11) as Second Line Treatment in Advanced Colorectal Cancer (CRC). Proc. ASCO, vol. 20, 2001, abstr. 2185.
7. Реутова Е.В. Иринотекан и томудекс в химиотерапии диссеминированных форм рака толстой кишки. Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата медицинских наук (научный руководитель проф. В.А.Горбунова). Москва, 2002.
8. Pitot M.L., Wender D.B., OConnell M.J., et al. Phase II trial of irinotecan in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma. J. Clin. Oncol., 1997, 15, 29102919.
9. Rougier P., van Cutsem E., Bajetta E., et al. Randomized trial of irinotecan versus fluorouracil by continuous infusion after fluorouracil failure in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Lancet 352:14071412, 1998.
10. Cunningham D., Pyrhonen S., James R.D., et al. Randomized trial of irinotecan plus supportive care versus supportive care alone, after fluorouracil failure for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Lancet 352:14131418, 1998.
11. Salgado M., Firvida J., Mata J., et al. A Phase II Study of Weekly Irinotecan (CPT11) Combinated with Folinic Acid and 5FU in Pretreated Advanced Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Patients. Proc. ASCO, vol. 19, 2000, abstr. 1157.
12. Bouzid K., Ben A. F., Bapsy P. P., et al. Multicentric Phase II Randomized (R) Study with CPT11 Combined or Alternated with 5Fluorouracil/Folinic Acid (5FU/FA) in 1st Line Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (MCRC). Proc. ASCO, vol. 19, 2000, abstr. 975.
13. Graeven U., Ridwelski K., Manns M., et al. Irinotecan (CPT11) with Bolus 5Fluorouracil (5FU) and Folinic Acid (FA) in Patients (Pts) with Previously Untreated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (MCRC): An Active and Safe Regimen. Proc. ASCO, vol. 19, 2000, abstr. 952.
14. Munoz A., Rivera F., Giron C.G., et al. MultiInstitutional Confirmatory Study of Weekly Irinotecan (CPT11), Leucovorin (LV) and 5Fluorouracil (5FU) in Previously Untreated Advanced ColoRectal Cancer (CRC) Patients (Pts) in Clinical Setting. Proc. ASCO, vol. 20, 2001, abstr. 2196.
15. Neumann A., Igael D., Gottfried M., et al. Feasibility Study of 5FU Continuous Infusion and Weekly CPT11. Proc. ASCO, vol. 19, 2000, abstr. 1079.
16. Kalofonos H. P., Papakostas P., Christodoulou C., et al. A Phase II Trial with CPT11, Folinic Acid (LV) and 5fluorouracil (FU) in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma. Proc. ASCO, vol. 19, 2000, abstr. 1091.
17. Yoshioka T., Ohtsu A., Hyodo I., et al. Phase II Study of a Combination of Irinotecan and 5Day Infusional 5Fluorouracil in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) Study 9703. Proc. ASCO, vol. 19, 2000, abstr. 1142.
18. Comella P., De Vita F., Lorusso V., et al. Biweekly Irinotecan (CPT11) Plus LevoLeucovorin (LLV)Modulated 5FU I.V. Bolus in Advanced Colorectal Carcinoma (ACC). A SICOG Randomized Study. Proc. ASCO, vol. 20, 2001, abstr. 537.
19. Ramos M., Romero C., Amenedo M., et al. A Phase II Study of. Irinotecan (CPT11) and 5Fluorouracil/Folinic Acid (5FU/FA) (ォDe Gramontサ) in Advanced or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (CRC). Proc. ASCO, vol. 20, 2001, abstr. 2183.
20. Mel Lorenzo J., Vazquez S., Quintero G., et al. Weekly Irinotecan (CPT11) and 5Fluorouracil/Folinic Acid (5FU/FA) as First Line Treatment in Advanced or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (CRC). Proc. ASCO, vol. 20, 2001, abstr. 2182.
21. Kuehr T., Ruff P., Boussard B., et al. CPT11 and 5 Fluorouracil/Folinic Acid (5 FU/FA) Mayo Clinic Regimen in Advanced Colorectal Cancer (ACRC) as Front Line Therapy = a Phase I/II Study. Proc. ASCO, vol. 20, 2001, abstr. 2221.
22. Bernabe Caro R., Salvador J., Reina J., et al. Biweekly Schedule of Irinotecan (CPT11) and 5Fluorouracil (5FU) as First Line Treatment in Advanced Colorectal Cancer (CRC). Proc. ASCO, vol. 20, 2001, abstr. 2187.
23. Kjaer M., Ristamaki R., Pyrhonen S., et al. CPT11 Combined with Bolus (B) Fluorouracil/Folinic Acid (5FU/FA) Nordic Schedule as Front Line Therapy in Patients (Pts) with Advanced Colorectal Cancer (ACRC). Proc. ASCO, vol. 20, 2001, abstr. 2222.
24. Aranda E., Carrato A., Cervantes A., et al. Irinotecan (CPT11) in Combination with HighDose Infusional 5Fu (Ttd Schedule) in Advanced Colorectal Cancer (Crc): Preliminary Results of a Phase I/II Study. Proc. ASCO, vol. 19, 2000, abstr. 1280A.
25. Ducreux M., Marti P., Raoul J., et al. Phase II Study of HighDose Irinotecan (CPT11) Combined with 5 Fluorouracil/ Folinic Acid (LV5FU2) in 1st Line Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (MCRC). Proc. ASCO, vol. 20, 2001, abstr. 2210.
26. Van Echo D. A., Levy S. Phase II Study of a Weekly Schedule of Irinoteсan (C), High Dose Leucovorin (LV), and Infusional Fluorouracil (FU) in Patients with Advanced Colorectal Cancer (CRC): Preliminary Report. Proc. ASCO, vol. 19, 2000, abstr. 1199.
27. Lipp R., Vanhoefer U., Achterrath W., et al. Results of Two Consecutive Phase 2 Pilot Trials of a Weekly Schedule of Irinotecan, Folinic Acid (FA) and Infusional 5FU as First Line Chemotherapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Proc. ASCO, vol. 19, 2000, abstr. 1123.
28. Douillard J.Y., Cunningham D., Roth A., et al. Irinotecan combined will fluorouracil compared with fluorouracil alone as first line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: A multicenter randomised trial. Lancet, March 2000, vol. 355, N9209, pp. 10411047.
29. Saltz L., Cox J., Blanke Ch., et al. Irinotecan plus fluorouracil and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. The New England Journal of Medicine, September 28, 2000, vol. 343, N13, pp. 905914.
30. De Braud F., Munzone E., Nole F., et al. Synergistic activity of oxaliplatin and 5fluorouracil in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer with progressive disease while on or after 5fluorouracil. Am. J. Clin. Oncol., 1998; 21:27983.
31. De Gramont A., Tournigand C., Louvet C., et al. Oxaliplatin, folinic acid and 5fluorouracil (folfox) in pretreated patients with metastatic advanced cancer. The GERCOD (in French). Rev. Med. Interne 1997; 18:76975.
32. De Gramont A., Vignoud J., Tournigang C., et al. Oxaliplatin with high dose leucovorin and 5fluorouracil 48 hours continuous infusion in pretreated metastatic colorectal cancer. Eur. J. Cancer 1997; 33:2149.
33. Andre T., Louvet C., Raymond E., et al. Bimonthly high dose leucovorin, 5fluorouracil infusion and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX 3) for metastatic colorectal cancer resistant to the same leucovorin and 5fluorouracil regimen. Ann. Oncol. 1998; 9, 11:125153.
34. Luppi G., Zanelli F., Lombardo L., et al. Oxaliplatin (LOHP) plus levofolinic acid (IFA) and 5fluorouracil (5FU) FOLFOX 2 regimen in secondthirdline chemotherapy (CT) of advanced CRC (ACRC). Ann. Oncol., vol. 11, 2000, suppl. 4, p. 48, abstr. 210p.
35. Rougier P., Lepille D., Douillard J., et al. Final Results of a Randomised Phase II Study of Three Combinations: CPT11 + LV5FU2, LOHP + LV5FU2, and CPT11 + LOHP in 5FU Resistant Advanced Colorectal Cancer (ACRC). Proc. ASCO, vol. 20, 2001, abstr. 566.
36. Souglakos J., Kouroussis Ch., Ziras N., et al. Final results of first line treatment with 5fluorouracl (5FU), leucovorin (LV) and oxaliplatin (LOHP) in advanced colorectal cancer (ACC): A multicentre phase II study. Ann. Oncol., vol. 11, 2000, suppl. 4, p. 49, abstr. 215p.
37. Ravaioli A., Amadori D., Cruciani G., et al. First line chemotherapy with bolus 5FU and folinic acid plus oxaliplatin in advanced colorectal cancer: Preliminary data of a phase II trial. Ann. Oncol., vol. 11, 2000, suppl. 4, p. 50, abstr. 219p.
38. Marcuello E., Navarro M., Cervantes A., et al. Biweekly oxaliplatin (Oxa) plus weekly 48 h continuous infusion (CI) of 5FU (TTD regimen) for the first line treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (ACC). Ann. Oncol., vol. 11, 2000, suppl. 4, p. 49, abstr. 213.
39. Figer A., Louvet C., Homerin M., et al. Analysis of Prognostic Factors of Overall Survival (OS) in the Randomized Trial of Bimonthly Leucovorin and 5Fluorouracil Regimen (LV5FU2) with or Without Oxaliplatin (OXA) in Advanced Colorectal Cancer (ACC). ). Proc. ASCO, vol. 18, 1999, abstr. 918.
40. De Gramont A., Figer A., Seymour M., et al. A randomized trial of leucovorin (LV) and 5fluorouracil (5FU) with or without oxaliplatin in advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). Proc. ASCO, vol. 17, 1998, p.257, abstr. 985.
41. Giacchetti S., Brienza S., Focan C., et al. Contribution of second line oxaliplatin (OXA) chronomodulated 5fluorouracil folinic acid (CM5FUFA) and surgery to survival in metastatic colorectal cancer patients (MCCpts). Proc. ASCO, vol. 17, 1998, p. 273, abstr. 1050.
42. Giacchetti S., Zidano R., Perpoint B., et al. Phase III trial of 5fluorouracil (5FU), folinic acid (FA), with or without oxaliplatin (OXA) in previously untreated patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (MCC). Proc. ASCO, vol. 16, 1997, p. 229.
43. Giacchetti S. Oxaliplatin phase II/III trials in 1st line treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. Oxaliplatin in combination with 5FU/folinic acid in untreated patients: Results of a randomized phase III trial. Col. Cancer 1998, p. 6170.
44. Grothey A., Deschler B., Kroening H., et al. Bolus 5Fluorouracil (5FU)/Folinic Acid (FA) (Mayo) vs. Weekly, HighDose 24h 5FU Infusion/ FA + Oxaliplatin (LOHP) in Advanced Colorectal Cancer (CRC). Results of A MULTICENTER, Randomized Phase III Study. 3rd International Conference ォPerspectives in colorectal cancer: a consensus meetingサ. Dublin, 2001, abstr. 59.
45. Levi F.A., Zidani R., Misset JL. Randomised multicentre trial of chronotherapy with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and folinic acid in metastatic colorectal cancer. Lancet 1997; 350:6816.
46. Zalcberg J., Cunningham D., Van Cutsem E., et al. ZD 1694 a novel thymidylate synthase inhibitor with substantial activity in the treatment of patients with advanced colorectal cancer. JCO, 1996; 14(3):716721.
47. Manzano M., Aguiar D., Esquerdo G., et al. Clinical experience with Raltitrexed (R) in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Eur. J. Cancer, 1999; 35, suppl. 2, p. S77.
48. Brunet R., Fonck M., Smith D., et al. Management of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (MCRC): Results of a Strategy with First Line Tomudex Chemotherapy (CT). Proc. ASCO, 1999, vol. 18, pp. 278a, abstr. 1069.
49. Lichinitser M., Dobrova N., Semenov N. Tomudex (T) and Tomudex + 5Fluorouracil (Т + FU) for Advanced Colorectal Cancer. Proc. ASCO, 1999, vol. 18, pp. 291a, abstr. 1117.
50. Cocconi G. Results of a European multicentre trial of Tomudex versus 5FU/high dose LV (Machover regimen). Tumori, 1997, JanFeb; 83, suppl., S72.
51. Cunningham D., Zalcberg J., Rath V., et al. Final results of randomised trial comparing Tomudex (Raltitrexed) with 5fluorouracil plus leucovorin in advanced colorectal cancer. Ann. Oncol., 1996; 7: 961965.
52. Pazdur R., Vincent M. Raltitrexed (Tomudex) versus 5fluorouracil and leucovorin (5FU + LV) in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (ACC). Results of a Randomized multicenter, North American trial. Proc. ASCO, 1997, vol. 16: 228a, abstr. 801.
53. Maughan T., James R., Kerr D., et al. Preliminary Results of a Multicentre Randomised Trial Comparing 3 Chemotherapy Regimens (de Gramont, Lokich and Raltitrexed) in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Proc. ASCO, 1999, vol. 18, pp. 262a, abstr. 1007.
54. Bertino J., Schwartz G., Kemeny N., et al. Raltitrexed (Tomudex) Plus 5Fluorouracil (5FU): Improved Palliation as Second Line Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Proc. ASCO, 1999, vol. 18, pp.247a, abstr. 949.
55. Caponigro T., Casaretti R., Meleod H.L., et al. Phase I and pharmacokinetic (PK) study on Tomudex (Tom) + 5fluorouracil (5FU) and leucovorin acid (LFA) in advanced head and neck and colorectal cancer. Ann. Oncol., 1998, 9 suppl. 4; pp.127, abstr. 610p.
56. Schwartz G.K., Harstrick A., GonzalezBaron M. Raltitrexed (Tomudex) in combination with 5fluorouracil for the treatment of patients with advanced colorectal cancer: Preliminary results from phase I clinical trials. Eur. J. cancer, 1995, 35, suppl. 1, p. S9S13.
57. Harstrick A., Mayer S., Hilger R., et al. Combination therapy with infusional 5FU and Tomudex for patients (pts) with advanced colorectal cancer A phase I study. Ann. Oncol., 1998, 9 suppl. 14, pp.3536, abstr. 1709.
58. Facchini G, Tortoriello A, Gravina A, et al. Preliminary Data of A Randomised ThreeArm Phase II Study in Relapsed or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer with Bolus (Bl) Vs Continuous (C1) Vs ChronoModulated Infusion (CHI) of 5FU + Folinic Acid + Tomudex. Proc. ASCO, 1999, vol. 18, pp. 283a, abstr. 1086.
59. Alabisio O., Ostellino O., Buosi R., et al. Final results of a phase I trial of Tomudex (TOM) + protractedvenousinfusion5fluorouracil (PV/5FU) in advanced ileal and colorectal cancer. Ann. Oncol., suppl. 4, vol. 11, 2000, pp. 55, abstr. 240.
60. Ota K., Taguchi I., Kimura K. Report on nationwide pooled data and cohort investigation in UFT phase II study. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol., 1988, vol. 22, pp. 335338.
61. Saltz L.B., Leichman C., Young C.W., et al. A fixed ratio combination of uracil and ftorafur (FT) with low dose leucovorin. An active oral regimen for advanced CRC. Cancer 1995; 75:782785.
62. Pazdur R., Lassere Y., Rhodes V., et al. Phase II trial of uracil and tegafur plus oral leucovorin: an effective oral regimen in the treatment of metastatic colorectal carcinoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 1994; vol. 12, pp. 22962300.
63. GonzalezBaron M., Feliv J., de la Gaodara I., et al. Efficacy of oral tegafur modulation by uracil and leucovorin in advanced colorectal cancer. A phase II study. Eur. J. Cancer, 1995, vol.31a, pp. 22152219.
64. Carmichael J., Popiela T., Radstone O., et al. Randomized Comparative Study of ORZEL(r) (Oral Uracil/Tegafur (UFT() Plus Leucovorin (LV)) Versus Parenteral 5Fluorouracil (5FU) Plus LV in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Proc. ASCO, 1999, vol. 18, abstr. 1015.
65. Hoff P. Capecitabine as firstline treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC): integrated results of 1207 patients (pts) from 2 randomized phase III studies. On benalf of the capecitabine (Xeloda) CRC study group. Ann. Oncol. 2000; 11; suppl. 4, 60, abstr. 263.
66. Tournigand C., Louvet C., Quinaux E., et al. FOLFIRI Followed by FOLFOX Versus FOLFOX Followed by FOLFIRI in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (MCRC): Final Results of a Phase III Study. Proc. ASCO, vol. 20, 2001, abstr. 494.
67. Ford H.E.R., Cunningham D., Ross P.J., et al. Open Label Dose Finding Phase I Study of Irinotecan Hydrochloride and Raltitrexed in Patients with Advanced Gastrointestinal Tract Adenocarcinoma. Proc. ASCO, vol. 18, 1999, abstr. 678.
68. Carnaghi C., Zucali P., Rimassa L., et al. Promising Activity of Irinotecan (CPT11) and Raltitrexed (ZD1694) as First Line Chemotherapy In Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (MCC). Proc. ASCO, vol. 19, 2000, abstr. 1211Cassata A., Alu M., Cortinovis D., et al. Phase II study of raltitrexed combined with oxaliplatin in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (ACRC). 3rd International Conference ォPerspectives in colorectal cancer: a consensus meetingサ. Dublin, 2001, abstr. 67.
69. Nobile M., Gozza A., Heouaine A., et al. Irinotecan (CPT 11) and Raltitrexed (Tomudex) in Advanced Colorectal Cancer: A Phase II Study. Proc. ASCO, vol. 19, 2000, abstr. 1220.
70. Escudero P., Espinosa J., Mills A., et al. An Ongoing Phase II Study of Raltitrexed (Tomudex) Plus Irinotecan in Advanced Colorectal Cancer. Proc. ASCO, vol. 20, 2001, abstr. 2230.
71. Кононенко И.Б. ォКампто и томудекс в химиотерапии диссеминированного рака толстой кишкиサ. Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата медицинских наук. Москва, 2002.
72. Garcia M., Gilles V., Louvet C., et al. BiWeekly Irinotecan (CPT11) Combined with Raltitrexed (Tomudex) Treatment in Heavily PreTreated Patients with Advanced Colorectal Cancer: A Feasibility Study. Proc. ASCO, vol. 19, 2000, abstr. 987.
73. Kemeny N., Tong W., DiLauro C., et al. Phase I/II Trial of Weekly Oxaliplatin (Oxa) and Irinotecan (CPT11) in Previously Treated Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. ASCO 2001, vol.20, p.133a, abst. 529.
74. Scheithauer W. et al. Irinotecan (CPT11) plus oxaliplatin (LOHP) in advanced colorectal cancer (ACC): A randomized phase II study. Perspectives in colorectal cancer; Dublin 2001, abst.74.
75. Kretzschmar A., ThussPatience P., Grothey A., et al. Weekly Combination of Oxaliplatin (Ox) and Irinotecan (Iri) in 5FU Resistant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (CRC). ASCO 2001, vol. 20, p.136a, abst. 540.
76. Hoff P.M., AguoyoGonzales, Bogaard K., et al. Phase I Trial of Oxaliplatin and CPT11 Administered once every three weeks to patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (MCC). ASCO 2001, vol.20, p.137a, abst.543.
77. Bollina R., Cozzi C., Toniolo D., et al. The weekly chemotherapy with oxaliplatin (LOHP) and irinotecan (CPT11) OXIRI: A second line treatment in elderly patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC). Perspectives in colorectal cancer; Dublin 2001, abst. 73.
78. Masi G., Allegrini G., Lencioni M., et al. Irinotecan (CPT11), Oxaliplatin (LOHP), Leucovorin (LV) and 5Fluorouracil (5FU) 48 Hrs Continuous Infusion Every Two Weeks in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients (Pts). Proc. ASCO, vol. 20, 2001, abstr. 539.
79. Calvo E., Cortes J., Rodriguez J., et al. Irinotecan, Oxaliplatin Plus 5FU/Leucovorin in Advanced Colorectal Cancer. Proc. ASCO, vol. 20, 2001, abstr. 542.
80. Souglakos J., Kakolyris S., Athanasiadis A., et al. Irinotecan (CPT11) Plus Oxaliplatin (LOHP) Plus Infusional 5Fluorouracil (5FU) and Leukovorin (LV) as First Line Treatment for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (MCC): a Phase II Trial. Proc. ASCO, vol. 20, 2001, abstr. 2223.
81. Cassata A., Alu M., Cortinovis D., et al. Phase II study of raltitrexed combined with oxaliplatin in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (ACRC). 3rd International Conference ォPerspectives in colorectal cancer: a consensus meetingサ. Dublin, 2001, abstr. 67.
82. Comella P., De Vita F., De Lucia L., et al. Oxaliplatin (LOHP) plus TOMUDEX(r)(TOM) on day I, and 6Sleucovonn (LLV)modulated 5fluorouracil (FU) i.v. bolus on day 2 every 2 weeks: A phase II study of the Southern Italy Cooperative Oncology Group (SICOG). 3rd International Conference ォPerspectives in colorectal cancer: a consensus meetingサ. Dublin, 2001, abstr. 65.
83. Cruz J., Mendez M., Pujol E., et al. Weekly Irinotecan (CPT11) in Combination with Oral Uracil and Ftorafur (UFT) Plus Folinic Acid (FA) as First Line Treatment in Advanced Colorectal Cancer (CRC). Preliminary Results. Proc. ASCO, vol. 20, 2001, abstr. 2186.
84. Castellano D., Gravalos C., Garcia Alfonso P., et al. Phase I/II Study of Escalating Doses of Irinotecan (CPT11) in Combination with UFT/Folinic Acid (FA) in Patients (Pts) with Advanced Colorectal Cancer (CRC). Proc. ASCO, vol. 20, 2001, abstr. 577.
85. Schleucher N., Tewes M., Achterrath W., et al. Extended Phase I Study of Capecitabine in Combination with a Weekly Schedule of Irinotecan as FirstLine Chemotherapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Proc. ASCO, vol. 20, 2001, abstr. 561.
86. Cassata A., Stani S. C., Alu M., et al. Ongoing Phase II Trial with Two Schedules of Irinotecan (CPT11) in Combination with Capecitabine as First Line Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Colorectal Cancer (ACRC). Proc. ASCO, vol. 20, 2001, abstr. 573.
87. Borner M.M., Mueller S., Roth A., et al. Phase II Study of Capecitabine (CAP) + Oxaliplatin (OXA) in First Line and Second Line Treatment of Advanced or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (ACC). Proc. ASCO, 2001, vol. 20, abstr. 546.